A reproductive assessment may be recommended before purchasing a mare, or when a mare is experiencing difficulty conceiving or carrying a pregnancy to term.

For mares with reduced fertility or irregular breeding patterns, accurately identifying the underlying cause is the first step towards successful treatment and management. Contributing factors may include the mare’s age and breeding history, whether she has foaled previously, uterine cysts, foreign bodies, tumours, infection or other disorders affecting the reproductive system.

Successful pregnancy rates depend on both the mare and the stallion. Poor semen quality can contribute to fertility problems, while conception rates may also vary depending on the individual pairing and whether fresh, chilled or frozen semen is used. In some cases, we may recommend using a different type of semen or considering an alternative stallion. Advice will always be tailored to the individual circumstances.

A reproductive investigation may include:

• A general physical examination

• Assessment of vulval conformation

• Examination of the vagina and cervix

• Transrectal palpation

• Ultrasound examination of the reproductive system

• Clitoral swabs

• Endometrial swabs or low-volume uterine lavage for culture and cytology

• Uterine biopsy

Further investigations may include hysteroscopic examination, specific blood tests and assessment or treatment of blocked oviducts.